Introduction
Python is a versatile programming language for web, data, and automation.
Read more →Welcome to Python Passport
Unlock the world of coding with Python Passport - your ultimate free resource for mastering Python. Perfect for beginners and intermediate learners!
Basics
Installation
Python installation sets up version 3.12 with pip and venv for environments.
Read more →Running Code
Python scripts run via REPL, scripts, or IDEs, using python -m.
Read more →Syntax
Python syntax uses indentation and colons, following PEP 8 guidelines.
Read more →Variables
Python variables use dynamic typing, requiring no var/let declarations.
Read more →Data Types
Python data types include int, str, and bool, with type() for inspection.
Read more →Numbers
Python numbers include integers and floats, with arithmetic operators.
Read more →Strings
Python strings support slicing and methods, with str() conversion.
Read more →Booleans
Python booleans use and, or, not, with truthy/falsy evaluations.
Read more →Type Conversion
Python type conversion uses int(), str(), with common pitfalls.
Read more →Operators
Python operators include arithmetic and logical, with precedence rules.
Read more →Ternary Operator
Python ternary operator simplifies conditionals, noting readability.
Read more →If Else
Python if-else statements control flow, referencing ternary operators.
Read more →Match Case
Python match-case enables pattern matching, introduced in Python 3.10.
Read more →While Loops
Python while loops iterate with break/continue, avoiding infinite loops.
Read more →For Loops
Python for loops iterate over ranges or lists, with else clauses.
Read more →Lists
Python lists are mutable sequences, supporting append and slicing.
Read more →Tuples
Python tuples are immutable, supporting unpacking and slicing.
Read more →Dictionaries
Python dictionaries store key-value pairs, with get() for safe access.
Read more →Sets
Python sets store unique elements, with union and intersection operations.
Read more →Comprehensions
Python comprehensions create lists, dicts, and sets concisely.
Read more →Functions
Python functions use def with parameters, returning None by default.
Read more →Arguments
Python arguments include positional and *args, with keyword defaults.
Read more →Scope
Python scope follows LEGB, with global and nonlocal keywords.
Read more →Errors
Python errors use try-except, handling common exceptions like ValueError.
Read more →Debugging
Python debugging uses print, logging, and pdb, with breakpoint().
Read more →String Formatting
Python string formatting uses f-strings for readable interpolation.
Read more →Security Basics
Python security avoids eval and sanitizes input() for safety.
Read more →Best Practices
Python best practices follow PEP 8 for clean, readable code.
Read more →User Input
Python user input uses input() with validation for safe processing.
Read more →Built-in Functions
Python built-in functions like len and print simplify tasks.
Read more →Keywords
Python keywords like def and class restrict variable naming.
Read more →Data Structures
List Methods
Python list methods like append and sort manipulate sequences.
Read more →Dictionary Methods
Python dictionary methods like keys and update manage mappings.
Read more →Set Methods
Python set methods like add and union handle unique elements.
Read more →Tuple Methods
Python tuple methods like count work on immutable sequences.
Read more →Sequence Operations
Python sequence operations include slicing and len for lists, tuples.
Read more →Arrays
Python arrays use NumPy for efficient numeric data storage.
Read more →Functions
Lambda Functions
Python lambda functions create anonymous functions for map/filter.
Read more →Decorators
Python decorators modify functions using @ syntax for reusability.
Read more →Closures
Python closures retain variable scope, with practical examples.
Read more →Function Annotations
Python function annotations add type hints, following PEP 484.
Read more →Classes
Classes/Objects
Python classes define objects with attributes and methods.
Read more →Inheritance
Python inheritance extends classes, supporting method overriding.
Read more →Polymorphism
Python polymorphism enables flexible method behavior in classes.
Read more →Modules
Modules
Python modules are imported with aliases for reusable code.
Read more →Packages
Python packages organize modules, using __init__.py files.
Read more →Standard Library
Python standard library provides modules like math and os.
Read more →File I/O
File Reading
Python file reading uses with statements for text and binary files.
Read more →File Writing
Python file writing supports append mode for text and binary files.
Read more →File Paths
Python file paths use pathlib, with os.path as a fallback.
Read more →Delete Files
Python file deletion uses os.remove with error handling.
Read more →CSV Files
Python CSV files use csv module, with DictReader for parsing.
Read more →JSON Files
Python JSON files use json module, with dumps for serialization.
Read more →Exceptions
Exception Handling
Python exception handling uses try-except, with else/finally.
Read more →Custom Exceptions
Python custom exceptions inherit from Exception for specific errors.
Read more →Exception Hierarchy
Python exception hierarchy organizes built-in exceptions like ValueError.
Read more →Standard Library
datetime Module
Python datetime module handles dates, with strftime formatting.
Read more →math Module
Python math module provides functions like sin and pi constants.
Read more →random Module
Python random module generates numbers, with shuffle for sequences.
Read more →os Module
Python os module interacts with the OS, including os.path.
Read more →sys Module
Python sys module provides system functions like argv for CLI.
Read more →json Module
Python json module parses and serializes data, with JSONEncoder.
Read more →re Module
Python re module matches patterns, with re.compile for efficiency.
Read more →time Module
Python time module provides sleep and perf_counter for timing.
Read more →collections Module
Python collections module offers Counter and deque containers.
Read more →itertools Module
Python itertools module provides permutations and cycle iterators.
Read more →argparse Module
Python argparse module parses CLI arguments with ArgumentParser.
Read more →logging Module
Python logging module logs messages, with customizable levels.
Read more →urllib Module
Python urllib module makes HTTP requests with urlopen.
Read more →shutil Module
Python shutil module copies and moves files, with rmtree.
Read more →glob Module
Python glob module finds files with recursive pattern matching.
Read more →statistics Module
Python statistics module calculates mean and stdev.
Read more →calendar Module
Python calendar module handles dates, with isleap for years.
Read more →zipfile Module
Python zipfile module creates and extracts ZIPs, with compression.
Read more →pickle Module
Python pickle module serializes objects, with security warnings.
Read more →threading Module
Python threading module manages threads, with Thread class.
Read more →subprocess Module
Python subprocess module runs commands, avoiding shell=True.
Read more →Requests Module
Python Requests module simplifies HTTP requests with get/post.
Read more →cMath Module
Python cMath module provides functions for complex numbers.
Read more →Patterns
Iterators
Python iterators use __iter__ and __next__ for custom iteration.
Read more →Generators
Python generators use yield for memory-efficient iteration.
Read more →Context Managers
Python context managers use with statements, with __enter__/__exit__.
Read more →Metaclasses
Python metaclasses customize class creation, with concise examples.
Read more →Descriptors
Python descriptors manage attributes, using @property for access.
Read more →Examples
String Parsing
Python string parsing uses split and re, with regex patterns.
Read more →File Processing
Python file processing reads text files line by line, with with.
Read more →CSV Processing
Python CSV processing uses DictReader for structured data.
Read more →JSON Processing
Python JSON processing manipulates nested data with json module.
Read more →Command-Line Args
Python command-line args use argparse for flexible CLI parsing.
Read more →Logging Setup
Python logging setup uses custom formats and file handlers.
Read more →Random Data
Python random data generation uses random.choice for selections.
Read more →Date Formatting
Python date formatting uses strftime, with ISO format support.
Read more →File Copying
Python file copying uses shutil.copy, with error handling.
Read more →Pattern Matching
Python pattern matching uses re, with grouped patterns.
Read more →Counter Usage
Python Counter usage counts items, with most_common method.
Read more →Deque Operations
Python deque operations use appendleft for queue management.
Read more →Permutations
Python permutations use itertools, with combinations support.
Read more →Statistics Calc
Python statistics calculations include mean and variance.
Read more →ZIP Archives
Python ZIP archives create and extract files with zipfile.
Read more →Threaded Tasks
Python threaded tasks run parallel, with thread safety notes.
Read more →Subprocess Call
Python subprocess calls execute commands, avoiding shell=True.
Read more →Dynamic Dicts
Python dynamic dictionaries use defaultdict for flexible mappings.
Read more →Set Operations
Python set operations include union and symmetric_difference.
Read more →List Filtering
Python list filtering uses comprehensions, with filter() alternative.
Read more →